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DevOps Roadmap

DevOps

Explore the essential technologies and practices in the world of DevOps with this roadmap. Whether you're new to DevOps or looking to enhance your skills, this guide will help you navigate key concepts such as version control, continuous integration, containerization, and more.

Important Note

This roadmap outlines the key technologies. While it specifies the technologies you should be aware of, it does not detail the specific aspects of each technology that you need to learn. It's important to delve deeper into each technology to understand its intricacies and how it fits into the DevOps ecosystem. Use this roadmap as a guide to explore further and tailor your learning journey to your specific goals and interests.

Important Note for Your DevOps Journey

While having a deep understanding of one technology from a category (e.g., AWS) is crucial, having a basic understanding of similar technologies (e.g., Azure) can be beneficial but is not mandatory. Focus on mastering one technology to excel in your field, but remain open to exploring others to broaden your knowledge.

Git And GitHub

Version Control System.

VCS like Git enables teams to track changes in source code, facilitating collaboration and ensuring version control, which is crucial for DevOps practices.

Python

Programming Language

Python is a versatile and powerful programming language that is widely used in DevOps for automation, scripting. Its simplicity and readability make it an excellent choice for tasks such as writing automation scripts, managing infrastructure using tools like Ansible. Having a solid understanding of Python is highly beneficial for DevOps engineers as it allows them to automate tasks, streamline workflows, and enhance productivity.

Ubuntu - Linux

Operating System

Linux operating systems such as CentOS, Ubuntu, and Red Hat Enterprise Linux are commonly used in DevOps for their stability, flexibility, and open-source nature. Linux provides a robust foundation for hosting applications and services, and it offers powerful command-line tools for automation and management tasks.

Shell Scripting

Bash, Shell Commands

Shell scripting, particularly with Bash, is essential for automating tasks in a Linux environment. It allows DevOps engineers to create scripts that automate routine tasks, configure systems, and manage deployments. Understanding shell scripting is crucial for efficient DevOps practices on Linux.

Jenkins, GitLab CI/CD, CircleCI.

Continuous Integration/Continuous Deployment.

CI/CD tools automate the build, test, and deployment processes, allowing teams to integrate code changes frequently and reliably, leading to faster delivery of software.

Ansible, Chef, Puppet.

Configuration Management

Configuration management tools like Ansible, Chef, and Puppet automate the setup and maintenance of infrastructure, ensuring consistency and reducing manual errors.

Docker.

Containerization

Containerization with Docker allows developers to package applications and dependencies into containers, making it easier to deploy and scale applications across different environments.

Kubernetes

Container Orchestration.

Orchestration tools like Kubernetes automate the deployment, scaling, and management of containerized applications, improving efficiency and resource utilization.

Cloud Computing

AWS, Azure, Google Cloud Platform

Cloud computing platforms like AWS, Azure, and Google Cloud provide scalable and flexible infrastructure, enabling teams to deploy and scale applications with ease and cost-effectiveness.

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Terraform

Infrastructure as Code (IaC)

IaC tools such as Terraform and AWS CloudFormation enable the provisioning and management of infrastructure using code, leading to automated and consistent deployments.

Prometheus, Grafana, ELK Stack (Elasticsearch, Logstash, Kibana)

Monitoring and Logging

Monitoring and logging tools provide visibility into application performance and help in identifying and troubleshooting issues, ensuring the reliability and availability of applications.

Debugging the Kubelet 101

CKA

Introduction

In the Kubernetes ecosystem, the Kubelet plays a crucial role as it operates on each node in the cluster to ensure containers are running as expected. However, there may be instances where a worker node, such as node01, might not respond. This guide will walk you through the necessary steps to debug and troubleshoot Kubelet-related issues, which is an essential skill for the Certified Kubernetes Administrator (CKA) exam.

Understanding the Kubelet

Before diving into debugging, it's essential to understand that the Kubelet is an agent that runs on each node in the Kubernetes cluster. It works with the container runtime and the API server to manage containers and pods on its node.

Documentation

Component Tools - Kubelet.

Debugging Steps

1. Checking the Kubelet Status

Start by checking the Kubelet status to see if it's running properly:

kubectl get nodes

If node01 is not ready or showing issues, further investigation is needed.

2. Managing Kubelet Service

To manage the Kubelet service, you can use the following commands:

  • Start Kubelet:
sudo systemctl start kubelet
  • Stop Kubelet:
sudo systemctl stop kubelet
  • Restart Kubelet:
sudo systemctl restart kubelet
  • Check Status Kubelet:
sudo systemctl status kubelet

3. Kubelet in Running Processes

To find the Kubelet process, use:

ps aux | grep kubelet

4. Kubelet Configuration File

The Kubelet configuration file is crucial for its operation. Typically, you can find it at:

/etc/kubernetes/kubelet.conf

5. Kubelet Binary

The Kubelet binary is usually located in:

/usr/bin/kubelet

6. Kubelet Certificates

Certificates are vital for Kubelet's secure communication. They can usually be found in:

/etc/kubernetes/pki/

7. Kubelet Logs

Kubelet logs are instrumental for troubleshooting. View them with:

journalctl -u kubelet

8. Kubelet Static Pod Location

Kubelet can manage static pods, and their manifests are typically found in:

/etc/kubernetes/manifests/

Common Kubelet Issues and Solutions

Issue: Kubelet is Not Starting

  • Solution: Verify the kubelet service status, check for errors in the logs, and ensure the configuration is correct.

Issue: Node is Not Ready

  • Solution: Check for network connectivity issues, ensure the kubelet is running, and validate the node's certificates.

Issue: Pods are Not Starting

  • Solution: Investigate pod logs, check Kubelet logs for errors, and ensure the container runtime is functioning.

Issue: Certificate Issues

  • Solution: Renew certificates if they are expired and ensure Kubelet has the correct paths to the certificates.

Conclusion

Debugging the Kubelet is a critical skill for Kubernetes administrators. By following this guide, you'll be well-prepared to tackle Kubelet-related issues in the CKA exam. Remember, practice is key to becoming proficient in troubleshooting Kubernetes components.